“BY LAWS COALITION OF CALIFORNIA WELFARE RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS, INC. ARTICLE ONE Offices Section One. Principal Office. The principal office of the Corporation is fixed and located at 190l Alhambra Blvd., Sacramento, CA 95816. The board of Directors (hereinafter called the Board ) is granted full power and authority to change said principal office from one location to another. Any such change shall be in the By-Laws opposite this section or this section may be amended to state the new location. Section Two. Other Offices. The Board at any place or places may establish at any time and branch or subordinate offices. ARTICLE TWO Membership This Corporation shall have no members. Any action that would otherwise required approval by a majority of all members or approval by the members shall require only approval of the Board. All rights which would otherwise vest in the members shall vest in the Board. Section One. Associates. Nothing in this Article Two shall be construed as limiting the right of the Corporation to refer to persons associated with it as members even though such persons are not voting members, within the meaning of Section 5058 of the California Nonprofit Corporation Law. This Corporation may confer by amendment of its Articles or of these By Laws some or all of the rights of a member, as set forth in the California Nonprofit Corporation Law, upon nay person or persons provided they do not have the right to vote for the election of Directors or on a disposition of substantially all of the assets of the Corporation or on a merger or on a dissolution or on changes to this Corporation’s Articles or By Laws, but no such person shall be a member within the meaning of said Section 5056. ARTICLE THREE Directors Section One. Powers. (a) Subject to the limitations of the Articles and these By Laws, the activities and affairs of the corporation shall be conducted and all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the direction of the Board. The Board may delegate the management of activities of the Corporation to any person or persons, a management company, or committees however composed, provided that the activities and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed and all corporate powers shall be exercised under the ultimate direction of the Board. Without prejudice to such general powers, but subject to the same limitations, it is hereby expressly declared that the Board shall have the following powers in addition to the other powers enumerated in these By Laws: (1) To select and remove all the officers, agents, and employees of the Corporation, prescribe powers and duties for them as may not be inconsistent with law, the Articles, these By Laws (etc. as per draft) (2) To conduct, manage, and control the affairs and activities of the Corporation and make such rules and regulations therefore not inconsistent with law, the Article, or these By Laws, as they may deem best. (3) To adopt, make, and use a corporate seal and to alter the form of such seal from time to time, as they deem best. (b) Limitations on Powers. Pursuant to the requirements of the state law under which this Corporation is funded in part, the Board shall establish and enforce broad policies governing the operation of this corporation but it shall not interfere with any of its attorneys professional responsibility to clients and shall ensure that such attorneys have full freedom to protect the best interest of their clients keeping with the relevant Code of Professional Responsibility, Canon of Ethics, and the high standards of the legal profession. Section Two. Number and Qualifications of Directors. (a) The maximum number of Directors shall be nine, who shall collectively meet the general qualifications set forth in Subsection (b) of this Section. The minimum number of Directors shall be three. Section Three. Selections and Term of Office. (a) Each Director shall hold offices for three (3) years and until a successor has been designated and qualified. In order to maintain a desirable degree of continuity among the Directors as a whole, and among the various classifications of Directors with the Board, the Board shall use its best efforts to distribute the expiration of the Directors’ terms over three (3) successive years over the various classifications of directors. Any director may be re-elected at the end of his or her three (3) year term at the discretion of the Board. Section Four. Vacancies. Subject to the provisions of Section 5226 of the California Nonprofit Public Benefit Corporation Law, any Director may resign effective e upon giving written notice to the President, the Secretary, or the board, unless the notice specifies a later time for the effectiveness of such resignation. If the resignation is effective at a future time, successor may be selected before such time, to take office when the resignation becomes effective. Any Director who misses three regularly scheduled consecutive meetings of the Board shall be considered to have tendered his or her resignation from the Board. Vacancies with the Board shall be filled in the same manner as the Director whose office is vacant was selected, provided that vacancies to be filled by election of Directors may be filled by a majority of the remaining Directors, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining Director. Each Director so selected shall hold office until the expiration of the term of the replaced Director and until a successor has been selected and qualified. A vacancy or vacancies with the Board shall be deemed to exist in the case of death, resignation, or removal of any Director, or if the authorized number of Directors is increased. The Board may declare vacant the office of a Director who has been declared of unsound mind by a final order of court or convicted of a felony, or found by a final order of judgment of any court to have breached any duty arising under Article Three of the California Nonprofit Public Benefit Corporation Law. No reduction of the authorized number of Directors shall have the effect of removing any Director prior to the expiration of the Director’s term office. Section Five. Place of Meeting. (a) Meetings of the Board shall be held at any place within or without the State of California which has been designated from time to time by the Board. In the absence of such designation, regular meetings hall be held a the principal office of the corporation. Section Six. Regular Meetings. The board of Directors shall hold at least four (4) regular meetings every calendar year at regularly scheduled intervals to be set by the Board. Ten (10) days written notice of all regular meetings of the Board shall be given. Any such notice shall be addressed delivered to each director at such director’s address as it is shown upon the records of the Corporation or as may have been given to the Corporation by the Director for purposes of notice, or, if any such address is not shown on such records or is not readily ascertainable, at the principal office of the organization which the member is associated with, or otherwise at the place at which the meetings of directors are regularly held. Section Seven. Notice of Meetings Notice by mail shall be deemed to have been given at the time a written notice is deposited in the Untied States mails, postage prepaid thereon. Any other written notice shall be deemed to have been given at the time it is personally delivered to the recipient or its delivered to a common carrier for transmission, or actually transmitted by the person giving the notice by electronic means, to the recipient. Oral notice shall be deemed to have been given at the time it is communicated, in person or by telephone, or any other electronic means or wireless, to the recipient or to a person at the office of recipient who the person giving the notice has reason to believe will promptly communicate it to the receiver. Section Eight. Quorum. Majority of the Directors shall constitute a quorum of the Board for the transaction of business, except to adjourn as provided in Section Twelve of this Article Three. Every act or decision done or made by a majority of the Directors present at a meeting duly held at which a quorum is present shall be regarded as the act of the Board, unless a greater number is required by law or by the Articles, except as provided in the next sentence. A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of Directors, I any action taken is approved by a least a majority of the required quorum each meeting. Section Nine. Participation in Meeting by Conference Telephone. Members of the Board may participate in a meeting through use of conference telephone or similar communications equipment so long as all members participating in such meeting can hear one another. Section Ten. Waiver of Notice. Notice of a meeting need not be given to any Director who signs a waiver of notice or a written consent to holding the meeting or an approval of the minutes thereof, whether before or after the meeting, or who attends the meeting without protesting, prior thereto or at its commencement, the lack of notice to such Director. All such waivers, consents, and approval shall be filed with the corporate records or made a part of the minutes of the meeting. Section Eleven. Adjournment. A majority of the Directors present, whether or not a quorum is present, may adjourn any directors’ meeting to another time and place. Notice of the time and place of holding the adjourned meeting need not be given to absent Directors if the time and place is fixed at the meeting adjourned, except as provided in the next sentence. If the meeting adjourned for more than forty eight (48) hours, notice of any adjournment to another time and place shall be given prior to the time of the adjourned meeting to the Directors who were not present at the time of the adjournment. Section Twelve. Action Without Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken by the Board may be taken without a meeting if all members of the Board shall individually or collectively consent in writing or by electronic mail to such actions. Such consent or consents shall have the same effect as a unanimous vote of the Board and shall be filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board. Section Thirteen. Rights of Inspection. Every Director shall have the absolute right at any reasonable time to inspect and copy all books, records and documents of every kind and to inspect the physical properties of the Corporation. Section Fourteen. Committees. The Board may appoint one or more committees each consisting of two or more directors and delegate to such committees any of the authority of the board except with respect to: (a) The approval of any action for which the California Nonprofit Corporation law also requires approval of the members or approval of a majority of all members; (b) The filling of vacancies on the Board of any committees; (c) The fixing of compensation of directors for serving on the Board or on any committees; (d) The amendment or repeal of By Laws or the adoption of new By Laws; (e) The amendment or repeal of a resolution of the board which by its express terms is not so amendable or repealable; (f) The appointment of other committees of the Board or the members thereof; (g) The expenditure of corporate funds to support a nominee for Director after there are more people nominated for Director than can be elected; or (h) The approval of any self dealing transaction, as such transactions are defined in Section 5233(a) of the California Nonprofit Public Benefit Corporation Law. Any committee must be created, and members thereof appointed, by resolution adopted by a majority of the authorized number of Directors then in office, provided a quorum is presented, and any such committee may be designated by such name as the Board shall specify. The Board may appoint, in the same manner, alternate members of any committee who may replace any absent member at any meeting of the committee. The Board shall have the power to prescribe the manner in which proceedings of any such committee shall be conducted. In the absence of any such prescription the committee will have the power to prescribe the manner in which its proceedings shall be conducted. Unless the Board or such committee shall otherwise provide. The regular and special meetings and other actions of any such committee shall be governed by the provisions of this Article Three applicable to meetings and action of the Board. Minutes shall be kept of each meeting of each committee. Section Fifteen. Executive Committee. (a) The Executive Committee of the Board of Directors shall consist of three (3) members of the Board of directors, and shall include: (1) The President of the Board; (2) The Vice President; (3) A member selected by the President and appointed by the Board; and, (4) a member selected by the President and appointed by the Board. The President of the Board shall be Chairperson of the Executive Committee, and he\/she shall preside over all Executive Committee meetings. An assistant Chairperson of the Executive committee shall be elected by the majority vote of the members of the Executive Committee. (b) The Executive committee may exercise all the powers of the Board of directors during the interim period between meetings of the Board. Decisions by the Executive committee may be made by a majority thereof, and such decisions may be made by any form of communication including telephonic, between members thereof, without the necessity of a meeting. A report or any and all action taken by the Executive Committee shall be made at each regular Board meeting. The Executive committee shall have such other powers and duties as designated by the Board. (c) Meetings of the Executive committee of the Board of Directors shall be at such times and places as called by its Chairperson. The presence of all three (3) members of the Executive committee at any meeting shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The Secretary and Treasurer of the Corporation, whether or not they are Directors, shall attend all executive Committee meetings. Notice of such meetings shall be given to each member of the Executive committee at least four (4) days in advance, if by mail, and at least twenty four (24) hours in advance of the meeting, if given orally or by telephone. Section Sixteen. Fees and Compensation. The Director shall receive no compensation for their services as members of the Board, but by appropriate action of the Board, may be reimbursed for the expense of attending each Board meeting, Executive Committee meeting. Committee meetings, and other appropriate meetings. Section Seventeen. Self-Dealing Transactions. (a) Definitions. Self-dealing transactions are transactions to which the Corporation is a party and in which one or more of its directors has a material financial interest. Such a director is an interested director for the purpose of this section. (b) Self-dealing transaction are prohibited, except as provided in (c) below . (c) A transaction to which the Corporation is party and in which one or more of the Directors has a material financial interest is permissible if all of the following conditions are met: (1) The Corporation entered into the transaction for its own benefit; (2) The transaction was fir and reasonable as to the Corporation at the time the Corporation entered into the transaction; (3) Prior to consummating the transaction or any part thereof the Board authorized or approved the transaction in good faith by a vote of a majority of the Directors then in office without counting the vote of the interested Director or directors, and with knowledge of the material facts concerning the transaction and the directors interest in the transaction; (4) Prior to authorizing or approving the transaction the Board considered and in good faith determined after reasonable investigation under the circumstances that the Corporation could not have obtained a more advantageous arrangement with reasonable effort under the circumstances; and (5) Interested Directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board which authorizes, approves or ratifies a contract transaction; (6) Action by a committee of the Board shall not satisfy this paragraph unless: (A) A committee person authorized by the Board approves the transaction in a manner consistent with the standards set forth in this subdivision (c)(1)-(4); (B) It is not reasonably practicable to obtain approval of the Board prior to entering into the transaction; and (C) The Board, after determining in good faith that the conditions subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph were satisfied ratified the transaction at its next meeting by a vote of the majority of the Directors then in office without counting the vote of the interested Director or Directors. (d) A transaction which is part of a public or charitable program of Corporation and which results in a benefit to one or more director or their families because they are in the class of persons intended to be benefited by the public or charitable program is permissible if it is approved or authorized by the Corporation in good faith and without unjustified favoritism. (e) A transaction, of which the interested Director or Directors have no actual knowledge, and which does not exceed the lesser of one percent of the gross receipts of the Corporation for the preceding fiscal year or one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) is permissible. ARTICLE FOUR Officers Section One. Officers. The officers of the Corporation shall be a President, one or more vice-Presidents (as determined from time to time by the Board), a Secretary, and a Treasurer. The President and vice President shall be members of the bard of directors. Section Two. Election. The President and Vice President shall be elected annually by plurality vote of the members of the Board of directors. Nominations for the officers President and Vice President shall be made at the last regular meeting of each calendar year. Ballots with the names of those persons nominated for each office shall be mailed to each member of the Board of directors addressed to him or her at the address shown upon the records or not readily ascertainable, at the principal office of the organization which the member is associated with, not later than twenty days following the date of nomination. The person receiving the most votes for each office shall be elected to that position; in the event there is a tie for one or both of the offices, balloting will continue until the ties are broken. Ballots will be counted and winning member shall be elected to their offices at the first regular meeting of each calendar year. Section Three. President of the Board. Subject to the control of the board of Directors and the Executive Committee, the President shall have general supervision, direction and control of the business and affairs of the Corporation. The President shall preside over meetings of the Board of Directors, utilizing such procedures as fair, orderly and efficient in carrying out the work of the Board. Section Four. Vice President. In the absence or disability of the President, the Vice President shall perform all the duties of the President, and when so acting shall have all the powers of and the subject to all the restrictions upon the president. The Vice President shall have such other powers and duties as from time to time may be prescribed by the Board of directors. Section Five. Secretary. The secretary shall be responsible for the keeping of full record of the meetings of the Board of directors and the Executive Committee of the Board, shall keep the seal of the Corporation and affix the same on such papers and such instruments as may be required in the regular course of business, shall make service of such as may be necessary or proper, shall supervise the keeping of the books of the Corporation, shall give notice or cause to be give of all Board meetings, shall assist the President in the performance of his or her office, shall attend all Executive Committee and Board meetings, and shall discharge such other duties as pertain to the office as prescribed by the President. Section Six. Treasurer The Treasurer shall keep and maintain or cause to be kept and maintain adequate and correct accounts of the properties and business transactions of the Corporation, including accounts of assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital and surplus. The Treasurer shall deposit, or cause to be deposited, all monies and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the Corporation with such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors and shall, subject to the requirement of authorized signatures be ordered by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall cause a financial report consisting of balance sheet and statement of receipts and expenditures to be rendered not less often than annually to the Board of directors, or at any time requested by a majority of the Board of Directors, together with an account of all his or her transactions as Treasurer and of the financial conditions of the Corporation. Section Seven. Vacancies. A vacancy in the office of the President or Vice President because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification or otherwise shall be filled by vote of the members of the Board of Directors as set forth in Section Two of this Article. A vacancy in the office of Secretary or Treasurer shall be filled by nominations made to the Board of Directors and ratification by the Board of Directors of said nominees. The President and Vice President may be removed either with or without cause, by the majority of the Directors at that time in office, at any regular or special meeting of the Board. Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the President or the Secretary of the Board of Directors. Any such resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of such notice, or at the time that the officer’s position is filled. ARTICLE FIVE Nominations Section One. Definitions for This Article Only. (a) For the purposes of this Article Five agent means any person who is or was a Director, officer, employee or other agent of the Corporation, or is or was servicing at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee, or agent of another foreign domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, or other enterprise; (b) proceeding means any threatened, pending or completed action or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative; and (c) expenses includes without limited attorneys’ fees and any expenses of establishing a right to indemnification under Section Four or five (b) of this Article Five. Section Two. Indemnification of Actions by Third Parties. The Corporation shall have power to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor, an action for self-dealing brought under Section 5233 of the California Nonprofit Public Benefit Corporation Law [See also Article Five, Section Eight of these By Laws], or an action brought by the Attorney General for any breach of duty relating to assets held in charitable trust), by reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of the Corporation, against expenses, judgment, fines, settlements, and other amounts actually and reasonably believed to be in the best interest of the Corporation and, in the case of a criminal proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe the conduct of such person was unlawful. The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith in a manner which the person reasonably believed to be in the best interest of the Corporation or that the person had reasonable cause to believe that the person’s conduct was unlawful. Section Three. Indemnification in Actions by or in the Right of the Corporation. The Corporation shall have the power to indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action by or in the right of the Corporation, or brought under Section 5233 of the California Nonprofit Benefit Corporation Law to redress self-dealing transactions (See Article Five, Section Eighteen of these By Laws), or brought by the Attorney General or a person granted relator status by the Attorney General for breach of duty relating to assets held in charitable trust, to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of the Corporation, against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action if such person acted in good faith, in a manner such person believed to be in the best interest of the Corporation, and with such care, including reasonable inquiry, as an ordinarily prudent person in a reasonable inquiry, as an ordinarily prudent person in like position would use under similar circumstances. No indemnification shall be made under this Section three: (a) In respect of any claim, issue, or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation in the performance of such person’s duty to the Corporation, unless and only to the extent that the court in which such proceeding is or was pending shall determine upon application that, in view of all the circumstances of the case, such persons fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for the expenses which such court shall determine; (b) Of amounts in settling or otherwise disposing of a threatened or pending action, with or without court approval; or (c) Of expenses incurred in defending a threatened, or pending action which is settled or otherwise disposed of without court approval unless it is settled with the approval of the Attorney General. Section Four. Indemnification Against Expenses. To the extent that an agent of the Corporation has been successful on the merits in defense of any proceeding referred to in Section Two or Three of this Article Five or in the defense of any claim, issue, or matter therein, the agenda shall be indemnified against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the agent in connection therewith. Section. Five. Required Determinations. Except as provided in Section Four of this Article Five, any indemnification under this Article Five shall be made by the Corporation only if authorized in the specific case, upon a determination that indemnification of the agent is proper in the circumstances because the agent has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section Two or Three of this Article Five by: (a) A majority vote of a quorum consisting of Directors who are not parties of such proceedings; or (b) The court in which such proceeding is or was pending upon application made by the Corporation or the agent or the attorney or other person rendering services in connection the defense, whether or not such application by the agent, attorney, or other person is opposed by the Corporation. Section Six. Advance of Expenses. Expenses incurred in defending any proceeding may be advanced by the Corporation prior to the final disposition of such proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the agent to repay such amount unless it shall be determined ultimately that the agent is entitled to be indemnified as authorized in this Article Five. Section Seven. Other Indemnification. No other provision made by the Corporation to indemnify its directors or officers for the defense of any proceeding, whether contained in the Articles, By Laws, a resolution of members or directors, an agreement or otherwise, shall be valid unless consistent with this Article Five [which as presently drafted conform to the indemnification provisions of the California Nonprofit Public Benefit Corporation Law’. Nothing contained in this Article Five shall affect any right to indemnification to which persons other than such Directors and officers may be entitled by contract or otherwise. Section Eight. Forms of Indemnification Not Permitted. No indemnification or advance shall be made under this Article Five, except as provided in Section Four or Five (b), in any circumstances where it appears: (a) That it would be inconsistent with a provision of the Articles, these By Laws, or an agreement in effect at the time of the accrual of the alleged cause of action asserted in the proceeding in which the expenses were incurred or other amounts were paid, which prohibits or otherwise limits an indemnification; or (b) That it would be inconsistent with any condition expressly imposed by a court in approving a settlement. Section Nine. Insurance. The Corporation shall have power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any agent of the Corporation against any liability asserted against or incurred by the agent in such a capacity or arising out of the agent’s status as such whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify the agent against such liability under the provisions of the Article Five, provided however, that this Corporation shall have no power to purchase and maintain such insurance to indemnify any gent of the Corporation for a violation of self-dealing transaction in violation of Section 5233 of the California Nonprofit Public Benefit Corporation Law. ARTICLE SIX Miscellaneous Section One. Amendment of By Laws. New By Laws may be adopted or these By Laws may be amend or repealed by the majority vote of the Board of Directors then serving, or by the written assent of such Directors, except as otherwise provided by law or by the Article of Incorporation. Section Two. Reports to the Board. The Board may require various staff members to make reports at its regular meetings and require the attendance of staff at Board meetings. ARTICLE SEVEN Proxies Section One. Proxies. A Board member may authorize any other Board members to vote for him or her by proxy, including being considered to be present for the purposes of a quorum. Such proxy may be in writing or through an affidavit submitted by a party who received oral authorization to exercise such proxy to be filed with the minutes of the meeting. The proxy may permit the holder of the proxy to vote on any issue that comes before the Board in any manner deemed appropriate by the holder of the proxy, or the proxy may by the proxy giver. Limitations on a proxy may permit the proxy holder to vote only as directed by the proxy giver on specified issues. ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF COALITION CALIFORNIA WELFARE RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS, INC. Article I. The name of this corporation is COALITION OF CALIFORNIA WELFARE RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS. Article II. A. This corporation is a nonprofit public benefit corporation and is not organized for the private gain of any person. It is organized under the Nonprofit Public Benefit law for charitable purposes. B. The specific purpose of this corporation is to provide advocacy, consultation, legal representation and informational services to legal services and IOLTA funded field programs, low and moderate income individuals, families, and organizations that represent and assist low and moderate income persons as well as to the many underserved populations that exist today. Furthermore, we believe that often the voices of the low income, moderate income and underserviced populations are often silenced by bureaucratic manipulation or intimidation. To create or continue bureaucratic systemic change, we are dedicated to ensuring access for low and moderate income individuals and underserviced populations to all public assistance programs, hearings and activities that they may be eligible for and participation to ensure that the civil rights of all are protected. C. The mission statement of this corporation is Making the Place We Live The Place We Can Succeed . Article III. The name and address in the State of California of this corporation’s initial agent for services of process is KEVIN M. ASLANIAN, 1901 Alhambra Blvd., Sacramento, CA 95816. Article IV. A. This corporation is organized and operated exclusively for educational and charitable purposes with the meaning of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. B. No substantial part of the activities of this corporation shall consist of carrying out propaganda, or otherwise attempting to influence legislation, and the corporation shall not participate or intervene in any political campaign (including the publishing or distribution of statement) on behalf of any candidate for public office. Article V. The property of this corporation is irrevocably dedicated to charitable purposes and no part of the net income or assets of this corporation shall ever inure to the benefit of any director, officer or member thereof or to the benefit of any private person. Upon the dissolution or winding up of the corporation its assets remaining after payment, or provision for payment, of all debts and liabilities o this corporation shall be distributed to a nonprofit fund, foundation or corporation which is organized and operated exclusively for charitable purposes and which has established its tax exempt status under 501 (c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. January 18, l984 ______________________________________ KEVIN M. ASLANIAN I hereby declare that I am the person who executed the foregoing Articles of Incorporation, which execution is my act and deed. ______________________________________ KEVIN M. ASLANIAN Amended: April 30, 2003 PAGE 1 ”